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RRB NTPC Preparation Series: Part 2 - Profit & Loss in Maths

 

RRB NTPC Preparation Series: Part 2 - Profit & Loss in Maths (

Friends! Ee RRB NTPC 2025 preparation series lo Part 2 ki vacham, topic "Profit & Loss" meeda. Idi Maths syllabus lo key chapter – CBT 1 lo 2-3 questions (7-10% weightage), CBT 2 lo 3-4 questions (9-11% weightage), as per latest 2025 analysis. Official updates (as of Oct 27, 2025): Total vacancies 8,860 (Graduate: 5,810 under CEN 06/2025 released Oct 20; Undergraduate: 3,050 under CEN 07/2025 released today, Oct 27). Graduate application ongoing (21 Oct to 20 Nov), UG starts Oct 28 to Nov 27. Exam dates tentative Jan-Feb 2026 for CBT 1. No syllabus changes, but focus on word problems.

Step 1: Introduction to Profit & Loss (Why This Topic & NTPC Relevance)

Friends, first step ga topic overview ivvabothunna. Profit & Loss ante business or trading lo gain/loss calculate cheyadam. Ee chapter NTPC lo high scoring enduku ante:

  • Direct questions: Profit %, discount calc.
  • Linked topics: Percentages (Part 1 lo cheppam), Ratio, DI.
  • 2025 trend: Word problems like "shopkeeper discounts", "false weights", GST inclusion. Telugu: Ee topic without basics, questions miss avuthayi. CBT 2 lo advanced vastundi, like successive discounts. Daily 1 hour padithe master avuthav. English: Profit & Loss is arithmetic-based, appears in 7-11% of Maths questions. Master for accuracy >90%. Integration: Profit % uses Percentage formula [(Gain/CP)*100].

Key NTPC Stats (Updated Oct 27, 2025):

  • Total Questions in Maths: CBT 1 (30), CBT 2 (35).
  • Profit & Loss Share: ~3 questions average.
  • Difficulty: Easy in CBT 1, Moderate in CBT 2.

Step 2: Basic Concepts (Building Blocks with Telugu Explanation)

Friends, step 2 lo basics nundi start – without these, advanced artham kavu.

  • Cost Price (CP): Item konna price. Telugu: Shop lo book 100 ki konnav – CP=100.
  • Selling Price (SP): Item ammina price. Telugu: Dani 120 ki ammav – SP=120.
  • Profit: SP > CP unte, Profit = SP - CP. Telugu: 120-100=20 profit.
  • Loss: SP < CP unte, Loss = CP - SP. Telugu: 80 ki ammav ante 100-80=20 loss.
  • No Profit No Loss: SP = CP. English Summary: Core terms: CP (buying cost), SP (selling price). Profit if gain, Loss if deficit.

Advanced Basics:

  • Marked Price (MP): List price before discount. Telugu: Tag price 150, but discount tho SP low avuthundi.
  • Discount: MP - SP. Telugu: 150 MP lo 30 discount unte SP=120.

Step 3: Key Formulas (All Important Ones with Examples)

Friends, step 3 lo formulas list – 10+ ivvabothunna, each with Telugu explanation & quick example. Memorize chey, shortcuts integrate chesa.

  1. Profit Formula: Profit = SP - CP. Telugu: CP=200, SP=250 → Profit=50. English: Basic gain calc.
  2. Loss Formula: Loss = CP - SP. Telugu: CP=300, SP=250 → Loss=50.
  3. Profit Percentage: Profit % = [(SP - CP)/CP] * 100. (Part 1 link: Idi percentage formula). Telugu: (50/200)*100=25%. Shortcut: CP=100 assume chey for easy %.
  4. Loss Percentage: Loss % = [(CP - SP)/CP] * 100. Telugu: (50/300)*100≈16.67%.
  5. SP from Profit %: SP = CP * (1 + Profit%/100). Telugu: CP=400, 25% profit → 400*1.25=500.
  6. SP from Loss %: SP = CP * (1 - Loss%/100). Telugu: CP=500, 10% loss → 500*0.9=450.
  7. CP from SP & Profit %: CP = SP / (1 + Profit%/100). Telugu: SP=600, 20% profit → 600/1.2=500.
  8. Successive Profit/Loss or Discounts: Effective % = a + b + (ab)/100 (for same sign; - for opposite). Telugu: 10% profit + 20% profit = 10+20+(1020)/100=32%. 20% discount + 10% discount = -(20+10 - (20*10)/100)=-28%.
  9. Dishonest Dealer (False Weight): Profit % = [(True Weight - False Weight)/False Weight] * 100. Telugu: 1kg ki 800g ivvadam → (200/800)*100=25%.
  10. To Recover Loss: Required % increase = (Loss% / (100 - Loss%)) * 100. Telugu: 20% loss recover ki (20/80)*100=25% increase need.
  11. With Tax/GST: Final SP = (CP + Profit) * (1 + GST%/100). Telugu: CP=100, 20% profit, 5% GST → (120)*1.05=126. (2025 questions lo GST common).

English Summary: Formulas are percentage-based. Use assumptions (CP=100) for quick calcs.

Step 4: Shortcuts & Tricks (NTPC Time-Savers)

Friends, step 4 lo high-quality shortcuts – exam lo 30 secs lo solve cheyochu.

  • Shortcut 1: CP=100 assume for % questions. Ex: 20% profit → SP=120.
  • Shortcut 2: Successive % quick: For discounts, calculate step-by-step multipliers (0.8 * 0.9 = 0.72 for 20%+10%).
  • Shortcut 3: Reverse %: If SP given, % known, CP = 100 * SP / (100 + %).
  • Shortcut 4: Overall % change: Use Part 1 successive formula.
  • Vedic Trick: Fractions for % (25%=1/4, 20%=1/5) – multiply/divide fast. Telugu: Ee tricks daily practice chey, mistakes reduce avuthayi. English: Focus on multipliers (1 + %/100) for chain calcs.

Step 5: Step-by-Step Examples (NTPC Previous & Similar Questions)

Friends, step 5 lo 5 high-quality examples – basic to hard, step-by-step solved. Example 1 (Basic - NTPC 2019 Type): CP= Rs. 450, SP= Rs. 540. Find Profit %. Step 1: Profit = 540 - 450 = 90. Step 2: % = (90/450)*100 = 20%. Telugu: Simple calc, answer 20%.

Example 2 (Discount - Moderate): MP= Rs. 1000, 25% discount. Find SP. Step 1: Discount = 25/100 * 1000 = 250. Step 2: SP = 1000 - 250 = 750. English: Or shortcut: 1000 * 0.75 = 750.

Example 3 (Successive - CBT 2 Level): 30% discount followed by 10% discount on MP= Rs. 500. Effective SP? Step 1: Effective % = 30 + 10 - (30*10)/100 = 37%. Step 2: SP = 500 * (1 - 0.37) = 500 * 0.63 = 315. Telugu: Direct subtract cheyaku, formula use.

Example 4 (Dishonest - Advanced): Buys at Rs. 40/kg, sells at Rs. 50/kg but gives 900g for 1kg. Profit %. Step 1: Effective CP for 900g = 40 * 0.9 = 36. Step 2: SP = 50. Profit = 14. % = (14/36)*100 ≈38.89%. English: Combines weight error + price.

Example 5 (Recovery + GST - Tricky 2025 Style): 15% loss on CP= Rs. 800. What % increase for 10% overall profit + 18% GST on final SP? Step 1: After loss, value=8000.85=680. Step 2: Target for 10% profit=8001.1=880. Step 3: Required increase % = (880-680)/680 100 ≈29.41%. Step 4: Final SP with GST=8801.18=1038.4. Telugu: Step-by-step calc chey, confuse kaku.

Step 6: Practice Questions (10 High-Quality, with Answers & Explanations)

Friends, step 6 lo practice set – easy (1-3), medium (4-6), hard (7-10). Solve chey, answers end lo.

  1. CP=250, SP=300. Profit %?
  2. Loss 20% on CP=500. SP?
  3. MP=400, 15% discount. SP?
  4. Successive profits 10% & 20%. Effective %?
  5. SP=720, 20% loss. CP?
  6. Two discounts 25% & 5%. Effective discount %?
  7. Sells 950g for 1kg, CP=20/kg, SP=25/kg. Profit %?
  8. 25% loss tarwata overall 0% ki required increase %?
  9. A:B investment 3:2, total profit 1000. B's share?
  10. CP=1000, 10% profit, 12% GST. Final SP?

Answers with Step-by-Step Explanations:

  1. 20% [(50/250)*100].
  2. 400 [500*0.8].
  3. 340 [400*0.85].
  4. 32% [10+20+(10*20)/100].
  5. 900 [720 / 0.8].
  6. 28.75% [25+5-(25*5)/100].
  7. ≈31.58% [CP for 950g=20*0.95=19, SP=25, (6/19)*100≈31.58%].
  8. 33.33% [25/(100-25)*100].
  9. 400 [1000*(2/5)].
  10. 1232 [ (1000*1.1)*1.12 ].

Step 7: Common Mistakes & Preparation Tips (High-Quality Advice)

Friends, last step lo tips & mistakes. Common Mistakes:

  • Successive % lo direct add/subtract cheyadam (wrong!).
  • % always CP pe calc cheyadam forget.
  • GST add cheyaku in final.

Tips:

  • Daily: 30 questions from RS Aggarwal Chapter 11.
  • Online: Adda247 mocks (2025 updated).
  • Integrate: Percentages practice first (Part 1).
  • Time: 1 week master, revise weekly.
  • Strategy: Easy questions first in exam. Telugu: Weak unte videos chudu (Unacademy Telugu), doubts clear chey. English: Target 100% accuracy – high ROI topic.

Friends, idi Part 2 complete, neat ga step-by-step. Satisfied? Doubts unte adugu, or next part start cheddam. Prepare well, NTPC select avvu! 😊

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